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An Urban Enterprise Zone is an area in which policies to encourage economic growth and development are implemented. Urban Enterprise Zone policies generally offer tax concession, infrastructure incentives, and reduced regulations to attract investments and private companies into the zones. Urban Enterprise Zones are common in the United Kingdom and the United States.〔Derek Gregory, Edited by: Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M., The Dictionary of Human Geography, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000, 195〕 Urban Enterprise Zones are areas where companies can locate free of certain local, state, and federal taxes and restrictions. Urban Enterprise Zones are intended to encourage development in blighted neighborhoods through tax and regulatory relief to entrepreneurs and investors who launch businesses in the area. In other countries, regions with similar economic policies are often referred as export-procession zones, tax and duty-free zones, and Special Economic Zone most predominantly present in China and India.〔Derek Gregory, Edited by: Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G. and Watts, M., The Dictionary of Human Geography, Oxford: Blackwell, 2000, 195〕 ==History== The 1970s witnessed a shift in city planning, leaving behind Keynesianism and entering an era of growth machine. Urban planning had thrived during the 1950s and 1960s. Planning was fostered by a period of constant economic and physical growth. The recession of the 1970s and 1980s was compelled to transform the nature of urban planning. This shift was especially marked in the UK, when the strong capitalist economy shifted following the great recession. Britain lost its core economic motive: manufacturers. 〔Peter Hall, "The City of Enterprise: Planning turned Upside Down: Baltimore; Hong Kong; London, 1975-2000." in Cities of Tomorrow Third Edition. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing, 2002〕 In an urban context, cities had to create growth at any cost. Due the Stagflation of the economy, the British Centre for Policy Studies and the American Heritage Foundation challenged the theory of Keynesianism which consists of a mixed economy in the private sector accompanied by government interventions and regulations. City planning stopped regulating and controlling growth, and started promoting that growth by any possible means: through tax concession, deregulation, or infrastructure incentives. By encouraging urban growth, city authorities were expecting to boost the economy, reduce unemployment rates, and the progression of decay of its core cities.〔Peter Hall, "The City of Enterprise: Planning turned Upside Down: Baltimore; Hong Kong; London, 1975-2000." in Cities of Tomorrow Third Edition. Oxford:Blackwell Publishing, 2002〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urban Enterprise Zone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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